苏云金芽胞杆菌毒素蛋白和粘虫颗粒体病毒对甜菜夜蛾中肠围食膜的破坏作用

利用扫描电镜和SDS-PAGE技术研究了苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)、粘虫颗粒体病毒(PuGV-Ps)及其增效蛋白(enhancin)对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua中肠围食膜的影响.电镜观察结果表明,正常的甜菜夜蛾围食膜外壁有韧性,表面较平滑,少皱褶,内壁表面较粗糙,有较厚质感,无孔洞和缝隙;取食PuGV-Ps或增效蛋白后的围食膜外壁皱缩,内壁质薄;Bt单独作用于围食膜同样改变了围食膜结构,但影响程度较小;未发现不同处理对甜菜夜蛾围食膜造成穿孔或裂缝.SDS-PAGE结果表明,取食PuGV-Ps或增效蛋白后,围食膜上150kD蛋白一定程度被降解,27kD蛋白也被部分降解,而29kD蛋白被完全降解;取食Bt后的围食膜上29kD蛋白也被降解.离体降解试验进一步证明PuGV-Ps增效蛋白对甜菜夜蛾围食膜上多种蛋白具有降解作用,甜菜夜蛾围食膜上29kD蛋白是Bt和PuGV-Ps增效蛋白共同作用的靶标蛋白.     

水稻细菌性条斑病菌拮抗细菌的筛选、评价与应用研究

从江苏省南京、泰州、扬州和宿迁等地区水稻田采集水稻病叶、健叶、根围土等样品90份,分离纯化得到1173个细菌分离物,对其进行水稻细菌性条斑病菌Xanthomonasoryzaepv．oryzicola皿内抑制试验,共获得12株拮抗能力较强的细菌,其中4株拮抗细菌抑菌圈直径大于27mm。盆栽试验结果表明,12株拮抗能力较强的细菌中有4株对水稻细菌性条斑病菌防效大于50％,其中菌株Lx-1l盆栽防效达62．5％。大面积示范试验结果表明菌株Lx．11田间防效达60．2％,显著高于化学药剂20％叶枯唑的防效（51．2％和45．8％）。形态特征、理化特性和分子鉴定分析确定菌株Lx．11为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillusamyloliquefaciens。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌BIOT185对金龟子幼虫的田间防效及其安全性评价

为评价苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)工程菌BIOT185对金龟子幼虫的田间防治效果以及其中间试验水平的安全性,在河北省定州市花生田开展了两年的田间小区试验。调查结果表明,每mL含100亿芽胞的工程菌BIOT185悬浮剂稀释10倍和100倍处理对金龟子幼虫具有较好的防治效果,虫口减退率可达52.08%～70.51%,保果效果为50.40%～66.57%,说明高浓度的BIOT185可以有效控制金龟子幼虫的危害。利用平板菌落计数法结合PCR检测发现,在施药后的365 d中BIOT185在土壤中的菌量总体呈下降趋势;调查田间各小区的昆虫种群发现,工程菌BIOT185处理区与野生菌HBF-1、BT185以及对照区的昆虫种群差异不显著。说明BIOT185不会在土壤环境中大量残留,也不会影响花生田的昆虫种群。     

枯草芽孢杆菌C-D6抗菌蛋白对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用

枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis菌株C-D6及其发酵滤液在平板上对稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae显示明显的抑制作用。通过20%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀和Sephadex G-75凝胶柱层析分离,获得1个影响病原菌附着胞形成的抗菌蛋白,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测发现该蛋白的分子量为32kD。显微观察发现：用该蛋白处理的孢子虽能完全萌发,但形成串珠状膨大的芽管和色浅、膨大的附着胞,并抑制芽管的正常生长。该蛋白的活性表现具有较好的热稳定性（80℃,30min）和较广的pH适应范围（5.6～9.3）。     

拮抗细菌Bs-0728对板蓝根根腐病的防治作用

［目的］ 筛选对板蓝根根腐病有较强拮抗作用的生防菌株。［方法］ 采用平板对峙法对137个板蓝根根际土壤样本中分离到的201株拮抗细菌进行测试。［结果］ 筛选出1个对板蓝根根腐病菌有强烈抑制作用的菌株Bs-0728。结合显微镜观察确定Bs-0728菌株对板蓝根根腐病的主要致病菌茄腐镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,导致菌丝生长畸形,弯曲,部分细胞膨大。田间试验结果表明,Bs-0728的发酵液田间防效达72.97%,且增产86.26%。经形态观察、生理生化反应及16S rDNA 序列分析,初步将此拮抗细菌鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis。［结论］ 枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-0728菌株是一株很有应用前景的生防菌株。     

6~(-(2))菌的酯酶型分析和血清学鉴定

6~(-(2))菌是一株昆虫病原芽孢杆菌。经测定血清型是苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringensis)变种中的H_1血清型,酯酶型与已描述过的所有苏云金杆菌变种的酯酶型不同,具有特异性,是一个新的酯酶型。     

两种产纤维素酶菌株分离的初步研究

本研究对采自贵州林区中的响叶杨(Populusadenopoda Maxim)腐朽木和白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki))进行分离培养,分离自杨树腐朽木的产纤维素酶菌株为木霉属康宁木霉(Trichodermakoningii Oud);分离自白蚁肠的产纤维素酶菌株为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)。对所分离的两个菌株进行滤纸降解观察与测定。所分离的菌株(Trichoderma koningii Oud.)滤纸培养30天后,有菌丝生长,培养基浑浊,滤纸呈絮状,培养7天后该菌对滤纸降解强度为7.13%(校正值)。刚果红法初步证明该菌能产纤维素酶。从白蚁肠分离的菌株(Bacillus sp.)滤纸培养15天后,滤纸呈絮状,培养基变浑浊,有细菌菌体沉积;培养7天后,对滤纸的降解强度为8.18%(校正值)。刚果红法初步证明该菌能产生纤维素酶。用五种培养基质培养芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)菌株,并测定其生长量,其中以滤纸为主要基质的培养液中,最高可检测到0.3×107cfu/ml菌株量。     

抗光肩星天牛苏云金芽胞杆菌Bt886菌株的分离及对毒蛋白编码基因的初步鉴定

从拟谷盗虫尸中分离到一株对鞘翅目害虫光肩星天牛幼虫毒杀作用明显的Bt菌株Bt886。幼虫死亡率高达 6 0 % ,存活者生长明显受到抑制。经过晶体形态特征和杀虫谱分析 ,初步确认该菌株属于cry3类。比较cry3类基因的保守序列 ,利用一对cry3特异引物成功地从Bt886菌株中克隆到了一段基因片段并克隆至pGEM -T载体上。测序分析发现该片段与cry3Aa1基因具有很高的同源性 ,确定来自毒蛋白编码基因。Southern杂交分析表明该基因位于该菌株的质粒上。     

Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner as an alternative control of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies, Apis mellifera L., and have become an invasive species that can cause considerable damage in its new distribution areas. An effective subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (=Bt) would provide an alternative to chemical control of this pest. Therefore, we tested three different Bt strains [B. thuringiensis, var. aizawai (B401^®), B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Novodor^®) and B. thuringiensis var. San Diego tenebrionis (Jackpot^®)] and Perizin^® (3.2% coumaphos), each applied on combs with a pollen diet fed to pairs of adult beetles. This evaluates the products for the suppression of successful small hive beetle reproduction. While none of the tested Bt strains showed a significant effect on the number of produced wandering larvae, we could confirm the efficacy of coumaphos for the control of small hive beetles. We further show that it is also efficient when applied with a lower concentration as a liquid on the combs. We suggest the continued search for efficient Bt strains naturally infesting small hive beetles in its endemic and new ranges, which may become a part of the integrated management of this pest.     

Synbiotic effect of Bacillus mycoides and organic selenium on immunity and growth of marron,Cherax cainii (Austin, 2002)

The present feeding trial examined the effect of synbiotic use of Bacillus mycoides and organic selenium (OS) as Sel‐Plex on marron immunity, growth and survival. The marron were cultured in recirculated tanks and fed test diets consisting of a basal diet; basal diet supplemented with B. mycoides (10⁸ CFU g^?1 of feed); basal diet supplemented with OS (Sel‐Plex) (0.2 g kg ^{? 1} of feed) and basal diet supplemented with synbiotic (B. mycoides at 10⁸ CFU g^?1 and OS 0.2 g kg ^{? 1} feed) diet, in triplicate. The effect of the prebiotic OS (Sel‐Plex) on the growth rate of B. mycoides was also studied in vitro. The results suggested that synbiotic use of B. mycoides and OS significantly improved some immune parameters of marron, particularly the glutathione peroxidase, and to some extent total haemocyte counts. However, the synbiotic feed did not synergistically improve marron growth, in fact the use of B. mycoides‐supplemented diet alone demonstrated significantly higher growth in marron compared with the growth of marron fed on other test diets. Supplementation of the basal diet with host origin B. mycoides significantly increased the intestinal bacterial population (3.399 ± 825 CFU g ^{? 1} of gut) in marron compared with other diets. Organic selenium as Sel‐Plex in Trypticase Soya Broth also confirmed that OS did not increase the amount of growth of B. mycoides and resulted in a lower intestinal bacterial population in the synbiotic diet‐fed marron. In conclusion, synbiotic of OS and B. mycoides may improve a particular immune parameters of marron and to a lesser extent their growth.